If you’ve experienced bacterial vaginosis, you’re far from alone. Understanding the science can help you recognize why this common condition occurs.
Bacterial vaginosis, commonly called BV, is one of the most common vaginal conditions among women of reproductive age.
Despite how frequently it occurs, BV is often misunderstood. Learning about the vaginal microbiome can help explain what happens when its bacterial community changes.
What Is Bacterial Vaginosis?
BV develops when the usual balance of bacteria in the vagina shifts.
In many healthy vaginal environments, Lactobacillus bacteria are abundant. With BV, these bacteria become less dominant while certain other bacteria increase.
This change is known as vaginal dysbiosis.
BV isn’t simply the result of poor hygiene, and researchers have not identified one single cause that explains every case.
Recognizing the Symptoms
Some women with BV experience:
- Thin, white or gray vaginal discharge
- A noticeable fish-like vaginal odor
- Burning, itching, or irritation
Others experience no noticeable symptoms at all.
Because other vaginal conditions can produce similar symptoms, proper diagnosis is important.
Why Can BV Return?
One of the most frustrating aspects of BV is that it can recur after treatment.
The vaginal microbiome is a complex environment. Hormonal changes, sexual activity, microbial interactions, and individual biological factors may influence its composition.
Researchers are also investigating how communities of BV-associated bacteria form biofilms, which may contribute to persistence and recurrence.
While antibiotics are established treatments for symptomatic BV, some individuals experience repeated episodes and may need additional medical evaluation or management.
Understanding Your Options
The CDC recommends treatment for women experiencing symptoms of BV. Commonly prescribed medications include metronidazole and clindamycin.
If symptoms persist or return, a healthcare professional can help determine whether BV or another condition is responsible and discuss appropriate treatment options.
Avoid douching or attempting to treat recurring symptoms with unproven remedies.
Knowledge Without Stigma
BV is a medical condition—not a reflection of cleanliness or personal worth.
The more we understand the relationship between vaginal bacteria and the body’s natural defenses, the better equipped we are to make informed decisions about intimate health.
The HER FACT
Bacterial vaginosis involves changes in the vaginal microbiome, and recurrence is common. Effective diagnosis and appropriate medical care matter.
Sources: 1. CDC — Bacterial Vaginosis: STI Treatment Guidelines. 2. Onderdonk, Delaney & Fichorova — The Human Microbiome During Bacterial Vaginosis, Clinical Microbiology Reviews, 2016. 3. Cleveland Clinic — Vaginal Flora, medically reviewed February 2026.
This article is for educational purposes only. Klew Wellness products should not be considered a substitute for diagnosis or treatment of bacterial vaginosis.
